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Question: Discuss about the Project Management on Stakeholders and Communication. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this literature review has been to highlight the project management on stakeholders and communications. The knowledge areas and gaps are required to be identified. The project management has been a rising area utilized by businesses irrespective of their sizes. The company executives and entrepreneurs have been dealing with the responsibilities to manage an organization. Hence it has been vital to utilize dedicated Project Managers for looking over the projects from the conception till completion. Mostly academic references are used here with some non-academic resources. The stakeholder analysis has been analyzing and collecting qualitative and quantitative data to find the find whose interests must be considered all over the project. The communication on the other hand has lead to the cooperation that lead in coordinating project harmony and finally in the project success. The literature review has identified trends, themes, strengths and weaknesses of the project management on stakeholders and communications. It has addressed the main implications of the outcomes. Various gaps in knowledge are also determined. Discussion on project management on stakeholders and communications Critical analysis of the published resources in the field: According to Inauen and Schoeneborn (2014), the stakeholder management incorporates the approaches necessary for identifying the organizations, groups and people. This has been affecting and affected through the project. This has been analyzing the expectations of the stakeholders, their influence on project and developing proper tactics and strategies. This has been done to effectively engage the stakeholders in the way proper to the involvement and interest of the stakeholders in the project. It has been understood from the research of Agudo?Valiente, Garcs?Ayerbe and Salvador?Figueras (2015) that the management plan of stakeholders has been helping in assuring that the stakeholders have been efficiently involved in the execution and decision around the project life-cycle. This has been to achieve support for the anticipate resistance and project, competing objectives or conflict among the stakeholders of the project (Mindtools.com, 2017). Scharl et al. (2013), states that the plan of stakeholder management has been involving the identifying stakeholders, planning stakeholder management, managing stakeholder engagement and control stakeholder engagement. Kathleen, Ross and Kriglstein (2014), researched that the management of project communications has been enabling project managers to send the proper messages towards the proper way in the best way possible. The communications is referred to as the adhesive connecting the project stakeholders. The project managers have been needed to follow a process of communication management starting from the project planning till the closeout of the project. This has been allowing them in developing and executing plans of communications. This has been useful to identify the individuals who must receive the complete information regarding the project and the communications that are role-specific. This has been enabling them in contributing efficiently to the team (Fast Track Impact, 2017). The project managers have also been assigning roles to communicate proper data and they ought to further indentify when and how the communications are to be delivered. Identification of stakeholders: As said by LeRose et al. (2015), the identification of the stakeholders in the approach to identify every people or companies influenced by the project is to done. There has been also further documenting of relevant data relevant to their impact, involvement and interests on the success of projects. The remember management theory assess the external and internal scenarios also referred to as the mega and task environments. Here the stakeholders are found required for the project. Analyzing of stakeholders: This has been the systematic collection and assessment of quantitative and qualitative data for finding whose interests must be considered throughout the project (Taylor Francis, 2017). Stakeholders and the project lifecycle: According to Cornelissen and Cornelissen (2017), the first phase is the initiating. Here the major stakeholders are determined and their relation with the project is analyzed. Next step is the planning where the stakeholder management plan is done. The primary identification of the stakeholder is expanded. This is done for identifying wide range of supporting with regulatory agencies, business units and others external to the company. In the next step of executing the stakeholder expectations are managed. Lastly the finalizing is done where the reviewing of the effectiveness of stakeholder management is done. Stakeholder management issues: Huang et al. (2014) in their research stated that first of all there is the confusion of roles between the customers and stakeholders. This has led to the decisions created on one or small section of stakeholders. This has been instead of the necessities of the project or project owner. Then the stakeholders are also being under-analyzed. They have the capability to affect and influence the project or benefits of post delivery. Their relationships and powers with the stakeholders and the project are not analyzed properly many times. Moreover according to Korhonen and Kaidalova (2015), the secondary stakeholders are also analyzed. There has been also the failure to harness the stakeholders. The wellness of the stakeholder is required to be harnessed for assisting the project. The negative concerns and attitudes of the stakeholders are required to be addressed. Planning communications: It has been the method to find the necessities of information of project stakeholders as stated by Morrow et al. (2015). It has been also useful in defining the approach of communication. The approach has been reacting to the communication and information necessities of the stakeholders (Driessen et al., 2017). For instance, which person requires what, its process and timing and through who has been considered here. Baseline changing and control: In the research of Bourne (2016) the approved plan for project and upgrading of the approved changes are considered to be the baseline. The change control is used to identify, document, approve or reflect and control the alterations to the baselines of the project. Examples of the project stakeholders (Hub.globalccsinstitute.com, 2017): Examples of the project stakeholders Internal External Affected by the process of project Stockholders Employees Subject matter experts Project central team Financing source Competing projects Functional managers Project managers Sponsor Owner Competitors Union Taxpayers Media Professional groups Client Neighbours Groups of social interest Agencies of government Creditors Partners Suppliers Affected by the result of project Users Sponsor Internal customer Social Interest Groups Public Client Regarding the outcomes of the analyzing of stakeholders some points are found. It has set clear-cut direction. It has prioritized objectives. It recognized complicated consequences and trade-offs. It facilitated required decisions. This helped in developing a risk of shared sense. It has built hard relationship with the customers. It has led with the style of empowerment. Finally it has delivered as the good stewards of the resources. Strengths and weaknesses of the literature: The strengths of this research are that it would help the stakeholders to have definite insight into the problems. The literature would help to protect the resources and assist the managers to make decisions of their project. It would also help to raise the transparency and lead to effective decision making. However, there are certain drawbacks of the literature. However, it does not talk about the involvement of the stakeholders. This has been required for the establishment of accountability in the settings of supervisory. The report moreover does not talk about the advices to be taken from the stakeholders. This could result in distrusting and hampering of model. Major implications of the outcomes: Regarding the outcomes of the analyzing of stakeholders some points are found. It has set clear-cut direction. It has prioritized objectives. It recognized complicated consequences and trade-offs. It facilitated required decisions. This helped in developing a risk of shared sense. It has built hard relationship with the customers. It has led with the style of empowerment. Finally it has delivered as the good stewards of the resources. The gaps in knowledge: The stakeholder engagement takes proper planning. The gaps could be identified while going for quality input through rise in unrealistic demands. The stakeholders are needed to be selected carefully who possess vested interest in the project or the decision making procedure. The process is needed to be outlined before time and it must be shared with the participants. Planning communications: It has been the method to find the necessities of information of project stakeholders. It has been also useful in defining the approach of communication. The approach has been reacting to the communication and information necessities of the stakeholders. For instance, which person requires what, its process and timing and through who has been considered here. Plan communication Table is shown hereafter. Stakeholder Data Communication meeting Frequency Format Manager of IT Technology issues, progress at tactical and operational level, resourcing Formal meeting or e-mailing Weekly Formal meeting agenda Project Team Issues, progress, risks, plans, solution approach, schedule Formal meeting Weekly Formal meeting agenda Steering committee Issue escalation, schedule changes, plans, deviations, high level data Formal meeting Monthly Power-point, pre-reading a couple of days before meeting. Business manager Resourcing, baseline changes, progress and signoff of business requirements Formal meeting or e-mailing Weekly Formal meeting agenda Conclusion: The review stated that taking the interests and concerns about stakeholders into the account the business relationships could be improved. This would make the company easier for operating. This would lead to the concepts of services or products that would address the necessities of the stakeholders. This would also help in deducing the expenses and maximizes the values. The gaps could be identified setting clear time-frames such that the input never turns limitless. It must be directing towards the final outcome. Efficient stakeholder engagement has been built over efficient communications. The project manager requires encouraging the helpful contributions from stakeholders without any loss of control from the project. Lastly, it can be concluded that the planning of stakeholder engagement must be done such a way that it stays advantageous to the organization. The stakeholder and communication engagement helps any company to compete with their rivals on changing and complicated clima tes of business. References: Agudo?Valiente, J.M., Garcs?Ayerbe, C. and Salvador?Figueras, M., 2015. Corporate social performance and stakeholder dialogue management.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(1), pp.13-31. Bourne, L., 2016.Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Cornelissen, J. and Cornelissen, J.P., 2017.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Driessen, P., Kok, R., Hillebrand, B., Driessen, P., Paul, M., Kok, R., Robert, M., Hillebrand, B. and Bas, M. (2017).Considerations on Bringing Virtual Stakeholder Dialogue into Organizations - Non Profit News For Nonprofit Organizations | Nonprofit Quarterly. 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InCommunicating Corporate Social Responsibility: Perspectives and Practice(pp. 283-310). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Kathleen, N., Ross, B. and Kriglstein, S., 2014, January. Storyboard augmentation of process model grammars for stakeholder communication. InInformation Visualization Theory and Applications (IVAPP), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 114-121). IEEE. Korhonen, J. and Kaidalova, J., 2015. Enterprise Modeling Facilitating Business and IT Alignment Along the Social Dimension: Stakeholder intentions for model-based communication and coordination. In17th IEEE Conference on Business Informatics, CBI 2015; Lisbon; Portugal; 13 July 2015 through 16 July 2015; Category numberE5549; Code 118116(Vol. 2, pp. 1-8). LeRose, G., Steidel, R., Bradley, P., Bourne, H., Blanchard, C. and Mitchell, S., 2015. The Crucial Importance of Stakeholder Communication in Integrated Planning: Lessons From Richmond.Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2015(15), pp.3325-3335. Mindtools.com. (2017).Stakeholder Management: Planning Stakeholder Communication. [online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_08.htm [Accessed 14 Jun. 2017]. Morrow, B.H., Lazo, J.K., Rhome, J. and Feyen, J., 2015. Improving storm surge risk communication: Stakeholder perspectives.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,96(1), pp.35-48. Scharl, A., Hubmann-Haidvogel, A., Sabou, M., Weichselbraun, A. and Lang, H.P., 2013. From Web Intelligence to Knowledge Co-Creation: A Platform for Analyzing and Supporting Stakeholder Communication.IEEE Internet Computing,17(5), pp.21-29. Taylor Francis. (2017).Science Communication and Stakeholder Expertise: Insights from Sustainability Science. [online] Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17524032.2017.1308408 [Accessed 14 Jun. 2017].